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Allah Almighty says, “You who believe! Fasting is prescribed
for you, as it was prescribed for those before you..” to His words “The month
of Ramadan is the one in which the Qur’an was sent down as guidance for mankind,
with Clear Signs containing guidance and discrimination. Any of you who are
resident for the month should fast it. But any of you who are ill or on a
journey should fast a number of other days.” (W2:182-184; H2:183-185)
1215. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Allah, the Mighty and Exalted said,
‘Every action of the son of Adam is for himself except for fasting. It is Mine
and I repay it.’ Fasting is a shield. When someone is fasting, he should not
have sexual relations nor quarrel. If someone fights him or insults him, he
should say, ‘I am fasting’. By the One in whose hand the self of Muhammad is,
the changed breath in the mouth of the faster is more fragrant to Allah than
the scent of musk. The faster experiences two joys: when he breaks his fast he
rejoices and when he meets his Lord he rejoices in his fasting.” [Agreed upon]
In one variant of al-Bukhari, “He has left his food and
drink and appetites for My sake. Fasting is Mine and I repay it. Any other good
deed I repay with ten like it.”
In a variant of Muslim, “Every action of the son of Adam is
multiplied. A good action receives from ten to seven hundred times. Allah
Almighty said, “Fasting is Mine and I repay it. He leaves his appetites and
food for My sake. The faster experiences two joys: a joy when he breaks his
fast and a joy when he meets his Lord. The changed breath in the mouth of the
faster is more fragrant to Allah than the scent of musk.”
1216. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “The one who spends out two kinds of
actions in the way of Allah will be summoned from the gates of the Garden and
told, ‘O slave of Allah this is better.’ All the people who did the prayer will
be called from the gate of the prayer. All the people who did jihad will be
called from the gate of jihad. All the people who fasted will be called from
the gate of Rayyan. All the people who gave sadaqa will be called from the gate
of sadaqa.” Abu Bakr said, “May my father and mother be sacrificed for you,
Messenger of Allah. No one called from those gates will feel distress. Will
anyone be called from all those gates?” He said, “Yes, and I hope that you will
be among them.” [Agreed upon]
1217. Sahl ibn Sa’d reported that the Prophet, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, said, “There is a gate in the Garden called
ar-Rayyan which those who fast will enter on the Day of Rising, and none but
they will enter it.” It will be said, ‘Where are the fasters?’ They will stand
up and none but they will enter it. When they have entered it, it will be
closed and no one else will enter it.” [Agreed upon]
1218. Abu Sa’id al-Khudri reported that the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “No slave fasts one day
in the way of Allah without Allah putting his face seventy years’ journey away
from the Fire on account of that day.” [Agreed upon]
1219. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Anyone who prays in Ramadan
motivated by belief and in expectation of the reward will be forgiven his past
wrong actions.” [Agreed upon]
1220. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “When Ramadan comes, the gates of
the Garden are opened, the gates of the Fire are closed and the shaytans are
chained up.” [Agreed upon]
1221. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Fast when you see it (the new moon)
and break the fast when you see it. If it is cloudy, then make Sha’ban complete
with thirty days.” [Agreed upon]
In the variant of Muslim, “If it is cloudy, you must fast
thirty days.”
218. Chapter: On generosity, charity and doing much good in
the month of Ramadan, and increasing that in the last ten days of the month
1222. Ibn ‘Abbas said, “The Prophet, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, was the most generous of people, and he was even more generous
during Ramadan when Jibril met him. Jibril used to meet him every night in
Ramadan until it was over and the Prophet would go through the Qur’an with him.
The Messenger of Allah was more generous with good things than the blowing
wind.” [Agreed upon]
1223. ‘A’isha said, “When the last ten days of Ramadan
started, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used
to pray during the night, wake up his family and intensify his efforts.”
[Agreed upon]
219. Chapter: On the prohibition against fasting before
Ramadan after the middle of Sha’ban unless that fasting is connected to what is
before it and coincides with his habit, like fasting Monday and Thursday
1224. Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, said, “None of you should fast a day or two before
Ramadan except for a man who customarily fasts. He should fast that day.”
[Agreed upon]
1225. Ibn ‘Abbas reported that the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Do not fast immediately before
Ramadan. Fast when you see the new moon and break it when you see it. If cloud
obscures it, then complete the thirty days.” [at-Tirmidhi]
1226. Abu reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, said, “When half of Sha’ban remains, then do not
fast.” [at-Tirmidhi]
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